Chapters 20 to 24

• In 1852, the French organized the world’s first industrial fair.
• British exports declined from 1660 to 1760.
• The British had developed a vast colonial empire at the expense of its leading continental rivals, the German Republic and Italy.
• The lack of a merchant marine slowed British industrial development.
• Until 1995, British artisans were prohibited from leaving the country.
• The lack of roads and canals delayed the industrial revolution in Britain.
• Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Ireland
• During the reign of Louis Pasteur, narrow streets were replaced by wide boulevards in Paris.
• By 1910, German steel production was twice that that of the British steel production.
• European population increased dramatically between 1850 and 1910.
• Florence Nightingale was the first woman to win two Nobel prizes.
• The French women’s movement was the most vocal and active in Europe.
• The defeat of the Russians by the United States in 1904-1905 encouraged antigovernment groups to rebel against the tsarist regime.
• The assassination of Heinrich Himmler on June 28, 1914, in Paris triggered the outbreak of World War I.
• France and Italy established military conscription before 1814.
• The growth of large armies after 1900 not only heightened the existing tensions in Europe but also made it inevitable that if war did come, it would be enormously destructive.
• The Schlieffen plan called for a two-front war: invasions of Italy and Austria.
• The Japanese allied with the British during World War I.
• Eighty percent of the workers in the Krupp Armaments works were women.
• The Bolsheviks were a small group of Marxist Social Democrats.
• The Americans were required to pay reparations to England and Germany because of the damage done to civilian populations during World War I.
• The collapse of the American stock market in 1929 damaged European economies.
• During 1932, the worse year of the depression, 55% of the British and 70% of the German labor force was out of work.
• Mussolini in an effort to increase his popular support encouraged women to enter the legal and medical professions.
• By the end of the 1930’s, there were 85 million radios in Great Britain.
• After German’s defeat in World War I, a German democratic state known as the Weimar Republic was established.
• Hitler convinced President Hindenburg in 1933 to issue a decree that gave the government emergency powers.
• German forces defeated Russians at the Battle of Kursk.
• The largest of the concentration camps was at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
• About 10% of the arrivals at Auschwitz were sent to a labor camp.
• More civilians were killed during World War I than World War II.
• During World War II, six million African Americans migrated from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North and West, looking for job in industry.
• The bombing of Dresden in 1945 created a firestorm that may have killed as many as 3,100,000 civilians.

Chapter 25

Chapter 26

Chapter 27

Chapters 28 and 29:

34. The Marshall Plan called for reparation payments from Spain in an effort to keep the Spanish economy weak.

35. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, Leo Tolstoy agreed to turn back the Russian fleet if President Kennedy would withdraw the missiles from Cuba.

Write short paragraphs describing who or what, when, and the historical context about six of the following.

Florence Nightingale

The Great Hunger

The Great Exhibition

Metternich

John Stewart Mill

Otto von Bismarck

The New Imperialism

Trench warfare

Treaty of Versailles`

Mussolini

The Munich Conference

Adolph Hitler

Joseph Stalin

Winston Churchill

June 6, 1944

The Holocaust

Decolonization

Cuban Missile Crisis

Margaret Thatcher

Mikhail Gorbachev

Perestroika