1- Accessorial service:

Transportation service that is supplemental to line-haul transportation.

2- Barge :

Flatboard boat used to transport heavy products.

3-Broker :

A company that helps both shipper and carrier achieve lower freight rates and more efficient utilization of carrier equipment. Brokers also help match carriers to loads.

4- Common carrier :

Transportation carrier that has agreed to serve the general public and assumes four legal obligations: service, delivery, reasonable rates, and avoidance of discrimination.

5- Consignee :

The receiver of a shipment.

6- Contract carrier :

A contract carrier provides specialized service to each customer based on a contractual arrangement.

7- Department of Transportation (DOT) :

U.S. federal government body with primary responsibility for transportation safety regulation.

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8- Exempt carrier :

For-hire carriers that have been exempted from economic regulation through provisions in various pieces of legislation.

9- Freight forwarder :

Consolidates freight shipments and buys transportation services in volume rates.

10- Intermodal transportation :

Using a container that can be transferred from the vehicle of one mode to a vehicle of another, and with the movement covered under a single bill of lading.

11- Land bridge services:

Refers to a combination of water transportation and surface transportation between an origin and destination port.

12- Less-than-truckload (LTL):

carrier Shipments that range from about 150 to 10,000 pounds; they are often too big to handle manually, yet they do not fill an entire truck.

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13- Line-haul:

Terminal-to-terminal movement of freight or passengers.

14- Lock :

Raises or lowers barges so that they can meet the river’s level as they move upstream or downstream.

15- Parcel carriers :

Companies that specialize in transporting parcels.

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16- Piggyback transportation :

Truck trailers on flatcars, also referred to as TOFC.

17- Private carrier :

Companies whose primary business is other than transportation provide their own transportation service by operating truck, railcars, barges, ships, or airplanes.

18- Rail gauge :

The distance between the inner sides of two parallel rail tracks.

19- Shippers’ associations:

Nonprofit membership cooperatives that perform basically the same function as freight forwarders.

20- Slurry systems :

Transport products that are ground into a powder, mixed with water, and then shipped in slurry form through a pipeline.

21- Surface Transportation Board (STB):

A U.S. government agency with primary responsibility for regulating railroad pricing and service.

23- Ton miles :

The number of tons times the number of miles.

24- Truckload (TL) carrier :

A motor carrier that focuses on shipments of greater than 10,000 pounds.

25- Unit load devices (ULD)

An alternative name for airfreight containers.

1- Amodal shipper :

A transportation manager who purchases a prespecified level of transportation service and is indifferent to the mode(s) or carrier(s) used to provide the actual transportation service.

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2- Bill of lading :

The most important single transportation document that is the basic operating document in the industry.

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3- Class rate system:

A system that simplifies each of the three primary rate factors—product, weight, and distance.

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4- Commodity rate:

A specific rate for every possible combination of product, weight, and distance.

5- Concealed loss or damage:

Loss or damage that is not apparent until after a shipment has been unpacked and inspected.

6- Demurrage :

A charge assessed by rail carriers to users that fail to unload and return vehicles or containers promptly.

7- Density :

A measure of how heavy a product is in relation to its size.

8- Detention :

A payment from a shipper or consignee to a truck carrier for having kept the carrier’s equipment too long.

9- Documentation :

The documents associated with transportation shipments.

10- Expediting :

The need to rapidly move a shipment to its final destination.

11- FOB destination :

A transportation term that signifies that the seller retains title and control of a shipment until it is delivered.

12- FOB origin:

A transportation term that signifies that the buyer assumes title and control of a shipment at the point of pickup.

13- Freight bill :

An invoice submitted by a transportation carrier requesting to be paid.

14- Freight claims:

A document that notifies a transportation carrier of wrong or defective deliveries, delay, or other delivery shortcoming.

15- Rate :

The price charged for freight transportation.

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16- Routing :

The process of determining how a shipment will be moved between origin and destination.

17- Routing guide :

Provides guidance in terms of a preferred list of carriers for shipments moving between two points.

18- Stowability

Refers to how easy a commodity is to pack into a load.

19- Tracking :

A carrier’s attempt to determine a shipment’s location during the course of its move.

20- Transportation management system (TMS):

A software package that automates the process of building orders, tending loads, and tracking shipments, audits, and payments.