Assignment on Environmental life cycle assessment

Question Description

Please answer all questions, Lectures with the answers are attached below . Some questions may need additional research.

Questions:

According to ISO 14040, define “life cycle assessment.”(lecture 1). (2 pts)
What are the four phases of an LCA? (lecture 1). (4 pts)
According to Graedel, what are the seven characteristics of technology? (lecture 2a).(7 pts)
State the Brundtland definition of sustainability (lecture 2b). (2 pts)
According to Graedel, name the four scenarios for sustainability and the characteristic for each one. (lecture 2b) (4 pts)
Name the four Grand Objectives of Sustainability (lecture 2b) (4 pts)
Define “DfES” (lecture 2c) (2 pts)
Define “Environmental Aspect” and “Environmental Impact” (lecture 3). (4 pts)
List 12 environmental impact categories listed in Lecture 3, and their units of measure.
What is the definition of a Cradle-to-Grave life cycle assessment? Cradle-to-Gate (lecture 3). (4 pts)
What is the purpose of a functional unit? (lecture 3). (2 pts)
What are the four steps for impact assessment? (lecture 4). (4 pts)
Define each of the factors in the generic characterization equation from Lecture 4. (4 pts)
Refer to Guinee, Handbook on Life Cycle Assessment.What is the GWP for carbon dioxide?For methane? (include units for each). (4 pts)
From the aspect of Human Toxicity, which substance is more harmful to the human environment in fresh water, 2,4-D or glyphosate? Give the HTP factor for each, using appropriate units. (5 pts)
Using the HTP data from Guinee, which method of exposure to 2,4-D is most harmful – air, fresh water or agricultural soil?Give the HTP factor for each, using the appropriate units. (5 pts)
What is Net Energy Value?What is meant by a positive NEV? Negative NEV?How does this relate to use of corn ethanol as a fuel?. (4 pts)
Why is it difficult to incorporate many socio-economic factors into a typical environmental LCA? . (2 pts)
Refer to the LEED checklist in Lecture 15.List 5 factors that could increase your LEED score for new construction. (5 pts)
Refer to the USLCIDB for ES-Electricity, anthracite coal, at power plant.Calculate the Acidification Potential (AP) from production of 1 kWh of electricity from burning anthracite coal.Note, in your calculations, treat sulfur oxides from the databaseas sulfur trioxide in the AP table in Guinee. (25 pts)

(6 pts)

P.S. You may number them in a docx, they are all in order as displayed here.

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